Dialogue

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Vocabulary (Review)

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Lesson Notes

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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
Cinzia: Ciao a tutti.
Marco: Marco here. Lower intermediate series, season 2, Lesson 4. If We Have Time, We Can Go Shopping in Milan. Hello and welcome to the lower intermediate series, season 2 at italianpod101.com where we study modern Italian in a fun, educational format.
Cinzia: So brush up on the Italian that you started learning long ago or start learning today.
Marco: Thanks for being here with us for this lesson. Cinzia, what are we looking at in this lesson?
Cinzia: In this lesson, we will begin studying the Italian subjunctive mood.
Marco: This conversation takes place at the supermarket.
Cinzia: And it’s between Manuel and Giulia.
Marco: They are friends. Therefore they will be speaking informally. Now if you are listening on an iPod
Cinzia: Or an iTouch or iPhone
Marco: Click the center button of the iPod or tap the screen on an iTouch or iPhone to see the notes for this lesson while you listen.
Cinzia: Read along while you listen.
Marco: This technique will help you remember faster. Okay let’s listen to the conversation.
DIALOGUE
Manuel: Per finire prenderei del gelato.
Giulia: Mi dispiace, ma credo che io debba andare ora.
Manuel: Sono già le undici?
Giulia: Sì. Mi dispiace.
Manuel: Non ti preoccupare, penso che tu mi abbia aiutato molto oggi.
Giulia: È stato divertente!
Manuel: Sì molto divertente! Grazie!
Giulia: Ciao!
Manuel: Ciao!
Marco: Let’s here it slowly now.
Manuel: Per finire prenderei del gelato.
Giulia: Mi dispiace, ma credo che io debba andare ora.
Manuel: Sono già le undici?
Giulia: Sì. Mi dispiace.
Manuel: Non ti preoccupare, penso che tu mi abbia aiutato molto oggi.
Giulia: È stato divertente!
Manuel: Sì molto divertente! Grazie!
Giulia: Ciao!
Manuel: Ciao!
Marco: And now, with the translation.
Manuel: Per finire prenderei del gelato.
Manuel: Lastly, I’d get some ice cream.
Giulia: Mi dispiace, ma credo che io debba andare ora.
Giulia: I’m sorry, but I think I have to leave now.
Manuel: Sono già le undici?
Manuel: It’s already eleven?
Giulia: Sì. Mi dispiace.
Giulia: Yes, I’m sorry.
Manuel: Non ti preoccupare, penso che tu mi abbia aiutato molto oggi.
Manuel: Don’t worry; I think you’ve helped me a lot today.
Giulia: È stato divertente!
Giulia: It was fun!
Manuel: Sì molto divertente! Grazie!
Manuel: Yes, a lot of fun! Thanks!
Giulia: Ciao!
Giulia: Bye!
Manuel: Ciao!
Manuel: Bye!
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
Cinzia: Che mal di testa!
Marco: You have a headache?!
Cinzia: Non io, ma i nostri poveri studenti che ora devono studiare il congiuntivo.
Marco: I agree. The Italian subjunctive tense can be quite a headache for English speakers.
Cinzia: Ma saperlo usare è molto importante.
Marco: Being able to use well, the Italian subjunctive can show people that you have really mastered Italian.
Cinzia: Specialmente dato che non tutti gli italiani lo sanno usare.
Marco: Exactly. It’s not uncommon to hear people making mistakes. This also happens on TV.
Marco: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson.
VOCAB LIST
Marco: The first word we shall see is
Cinzia: Gelato.
Marco: Ice cream.
Cinzia: Gelato. Gelato
Marco: And the next word is
Cinzia: Credere.
Marco: To believe, think, consider.
Cinzia: Credere. Credere
Marco: And next we have
Cinzia: Dovere.
Marco: To have to, must.
Cinzia: Dovere. Dovere
Marco: And the next word is
Cinzia: Undici.
Marco: Eleven.
Cinzia: Undici. Undici.
Marco: Next we have
Cinzia: Aiutare.
Marco: To help, aid, assist.
Cinzia: Aiutare. Aiutare.
Marco: And finally
Cinzia: Divertente.
Marco: Funny, fun, amusing.
Cinzia: Divertente. Divertente.
Marco: Let’s have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson.
VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE
Cinzia: The first word we will look at is gelato.
Marco: And the sample sentence is
Cinzia: Il gelato italiano è il più buono.
Marco: Italian Gelato is the best.
Cinzia: The next word we will look at is credere.
Marco: And the sample is
Cinzia: Credo tu abbia ragione.
Marco: I believe you are right.
Cinzia: The next word we will look at is dovere.
Marco: And the sample sentence is
Cinzia: Devo proprio andare, scusami.
Marco: I really have to go, sorry.
Cinzia: The next word we will look at is undici.
Marco: And the sample sentence is
Cinzia: Sono già le undici?
Marco: It’s already eleven?
Cinzia: Next we have aiutare.
Marco: And the sample is
Cinzia: Grazie per l’aiuto.
Marco: Thanks for the help.
Cinzia: And today’s last word is divertente.
Marco: So the last sample sentence is
Cinzia: Lo spettacolo è stato davvero divertente.
Marco: The show was very amusing.

Lesson focus
Marco: Let’s take a look at today’s grammar point. The Italian subjunctive mood comprises four different tenses.
Cinzia: Presente.
Marco: Present.
Cinzia: Passato.
Marco: Perfect.
Cinzia: Imperfetto.
Marco: Imperfect.
Cinzia: Trapassato.
Marco: Pluperfect. In order to differentiate these tenses from those of the indicative mood, the word Congiuntivo, subjunctive, always precedes them thus stating the mood they belong to.
Cinzia: How do we choose the appropriate subjunctive tense? We have to follow the tense agreement rules provided. Don’t worry. We will explain them in detail.
Marco: Yes and please note that there are only two possible combinations. First, contemporaneity between the main and secondary clause. Second, anteriority of the action of secondary clause as compared to the one under main clause.
Cinzia: We express this last combination using either the futuro semplice,
Marco: Simple future,
Cinzia: When the verb of the main clause is conjugated in the present indicativo, or the condizionale passato,
Marco: Past conditional,
Cinzia: When the verb of the main clause is conjugated in any past tense.
Marco: Instead, we use the congiuntivo presente,
Cinzia: Present subjunctive,
Marco: When the verb of the main clause is conjugated in the presente indicativo,
Cinzia: Present indicative,
Marco: And the action of the secondary clause takes place simultaneously as we should see in the first, second and fourth samples.
Cinzia: Credo che io debba andare ora.
Marco: I think I have to leave now.
Cinzia: Sebbene lei sia giovane, ha molta esperienza.
Marco: Even though she is young, she is very experienced.
Cinzia: Nonostante abbiate molto tempo non riuscite a completare il lavoro.
Marco: Even though you have plenty of time, you can’t finish the job. We shall now see the present subjunctive conjugation of essere, to be, and avere, to have.
Cinzia: Essere
Marco: To be.
Cinzia: Che io sia
Marco: I am.
Cinzia: Che tu sia
Marco: You are.
Cinzia: Che lui/lei sia
Marco: He/she/it is.
Cinzia: Che noi siamo
Marco: We are.
Cinzia: Che voi siate
Marco: You are.
Cinzia: Che loro siano
Marco: They are.
Cinzia: Avere
Marco: To have.
Cinzia: Che io abbia
Marco: I have.
Cinzia: Che tu abbia
Marco: You have.
Cinzia: Che lui/lei abbia
Marco: He/she/it has.
Cinzia: Che noi abbiamo
Marco: We have.
Cinzia: Che voi abbiate
Marco: You have.
Cinzia: Che loro abbiano
Marco: They have.

Outro
Marco: That just about does it for today. Premium members, use the review track to perfect your pronunciation.
Cinzia: Available in the premium section of the website.
Marco: The learning center
Cinzia: And through iTunes via the premium feed.
Marco: The review track gives you vocabulary and phrases followed by a short pause so you can repeat the words aloud.
Cinzia: The best way to get good fast.
Marco: Okay, arrivederci.
Cinzia: Ciao.

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