Learn more about how to reconcile two tenses of Italian verbs in your sentences
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Consuelo: Buongiorno a tutti. |
| Marco: Marco here. Lower intermediate series, season 2, Lesson 24. I Am Jealous of What You Did Last Night in Italy. Hi, my name is Marco and I am joined here by Consuelo. How are you Consuelo? |
| Consuelo: I am fine, thank you. E tu Marco, come stai? |
| Marco: Io sto bene, grazie. In today’s class, we will focus on tense agreement between the main and secondary clauses. |
| Consuelo: This conversation takes place at home. |
| Marco: The conversation is between Mario and Giulia. |
| Consuelo: The speakers are friends. Therefore they will be speaking informally. Remember, commenting each day |
| Marco: And posting in the forum are two great ways to get answers. |
| Consuelo: Community members |
| Marco: And staff are all ready to help. |
| Consuelo: Definitely take advantage. |
| Marco: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Giulia: Perchè non sei venuto al concerto? |
| Mario: Mi dispiace, ma ho avuto un impegno improvviso. |
| Giulia: Comunque è stato entusiasmante. |
| Mario: Davvero? Che invidia! |
| Giulia: Anche Jack dice che è stato sensazionale! |
| Mario: Spero che non sia esausto quel ragazzo. |
| Giulia: Mah, diceva che era completamente senza forze. |
| Mario: Perfetto. Proprio domani che trasmettiamo la partita al bar e ci saranno decine di tifosi scatenati... |
| Marco: Let’s here it slowly now. |
| Giulia: Perchè non sei venuto al concerto? |
| Mario: Mi dispiace, ma ho avuto un impegno improvviso. |
| Giulia: Comunque è stato entusiasmante. |
| Mario: Davvero? Che invidia! |
| Giulia: Anche Jack dice che è stato sensazionale! |
| Mario: Spero che non sia esausto quel ragazzo. |
| Giulia: Mah, diceva che era completamente senza forze. |
| Mario: Perfetto. Proprio domani che trasmettiamo la partita al bar e ci saranno decine di tifosi scatenati... |
| Marco: And now, with the translation. |
| Giulia: Perchè non sei venuto al concerto? |
| Giulia: Why didn't you come to the concert? |
| Mario: Mi dispiace, ma ho avuto un impegno improvviso. |
| Mario: I'm sorry, but I had an unexpected appointment. |
| Giulia: Comunque è stato entusiasmante. |
| Giulia: Anyway, it was exciting. |
| Mario: Davvero? Che invidia! |
| Mario: Really? I'm so jealous! |
| Giulia: Anche Jack dice che è stato sensazionale! |
| Giulia: Even Jack says it was stunning! |
| Mario: Spero che non sia esausto quel ragazzo. |
| Mario: I hope that guy is not exhausted. |
| Giulia: Mah, diceva che era completamente senza forze. |
| Giulia: Well, he said he was completely worn out. |
| Mario: Perfetto. Proprio domani che trasmettiamo la partita al bar e ci saranno decine di tifosi scatenati… |
| Mario: Perfect. Tomorrow, we are airing the match at the bar and there will be tons of wild fans... |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Marco: Hey Consuelo, is it common to watch matches in Italian bars? |
| Consuelo: Oh yes it’s very popular and if we say la partita, meaning the match, you probably know about which sport we are talking about. |
| Marco: Hmm let me guess. Is it soccer? |
| Consuelo: Of course Marco. The most popular sport in Italy. If you say you are watching a match, everybody knows you are talking about soccer. You don’t even need to specify. |
| Marco: I see. So who goes to watch a match in bars? |
| Consuelo: That’s simple. All the supporters who cannot go to the stadium. |
| Marco: Ah but they scream and shout also in bars, right? |
| Consuelo: That’s true. It is also an occasion to talk with people you don’t know. |
| Marco: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Marco: The first word we shall see is |
| Consuelo: Improvviso. |
| Marco: Unexpected, sudden. |
| Consuelo: Improvviso. Improvviso. |
| Marco: And next we have |
| Consuelo: Entusiasmante. |
| Marco: Exciting, fascinating. |
| Consuelo: Entusiasmante. Entusiasmante. |
| Marco: And the next word is |
| Consuelo: Sensazionale. |
| Marco: Stunning, sensational, striking. |
| Consuelo: Sensazionale. Sensazionale. |
| Marco: And next we have |
| Consuelo: Esausto. |
| Marco: Exhausted, whacked, worn-out. |
| Consuelo: Esausto. Esausto. |
| Marco: And the next word is |
| Consuelo: Completamente. |
| Marco: Completely, totally, fully. |
| Consuelo: Completamente. Completamente. |
| Marco: And finally we have |
| Consuelo: Trasmettere. |
| Marco: Transmit, send, broadcast. |
| Consuelo: Trasmettere. Trasmettere. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Marco: Consuelo, which expression are we studying today? |
| Consuelo: That’s the Italian expression “che invidia”. |
| Marco: Literally what envy, what jealousy or also translated as I am so envious, I am so jealous. |
| Consuelo: We use it quite often and it does have a strong meaning. |
| Marco: For instance. |
| Consuelo: Parti per le Maldive? Mamma che invidia! Meaning you are leaving for Maldives? I am so jealous. |
| Marco: But can I use it in an ironic way? |
| Consuelo: Sure if one of your friends is doing or having something you would never do, you could say for example: a pranzo con la suocera oggi? Che invidia. |
| Marco: Today, you had lunch with your mother-in-law? I am so jealous. |
| Consuelo: Perfect. You could say it exactly in that way. |
| Consuelo: Let’s take a look at today’s grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Marco: The focus of this lesson is on tense agreement between the main and secondary clauses. In addition, we will study the reference words of the first group, delving into its two categories. |
| Consuelo: The tense agreement between the main and secondary clauses depends on whether the action of the secondary clause takes place before, at the time of, or after the action expressed in the main clause. |
| Marco: The tense agreement describes exclusively the temporal connection between main and secondary clauses according to what kind of correlation we wish to express. |
| Consuelo: Please note that although there are some similarities, the tense agreement does not translate literally into English. |
| Marco: We strongly suggest you learn the Italian one without translating it into English because this procedure mirrors out to be really misleading. |
| Consuelo: We have two main groups of tense agreement according to whether the verb of the main clause calls for the subjunctive mood or not. |
| Marco: Each group is further subdivided into two categories according to what tense the verb of the main clause is conjugated in. |
| Consuelo: In today’s class, we will study the two categories of the first group. |
| Marco: The first group concerns main clauses whose verbs do not call for the subjunctive mood. These categories compose of the main clause at the present tense. In the following case, the secondary clause indicates posteriority and it uses the indicative simple future. |
| Consuelo: Mario dice che tu sarai felice. |
| Marco: Mario says that you will be happy. In the next example, the secondary clause indicates contemporaneity and it uses the indicative simple present. |
| Consuelo: Mario dice che tu sei felice. |
| Marco: Mario says that you are happy. In the next case, the secondary clause indicates anteriority and it uses the indicative imperfect or passato prossimo. |
| Consuelo: Mario dice che tu eri felice. |
| Marco: Indicative imperfect. |
| Consuelo: Mario dice che tu sei stato felice. |
| Marco: Passato prossimo. Now let’s continue with the second category which is composed of the main clause at the past tense. In this first case, the secondary clause indicates posteriority and it uses the past conditional. |
| Consuelo: Mario diceva... |
| Marco: Or |
| Consuelo: ha detto... |
| Marco: Or |
| Consuelo: disse che tu saresti stato felice. |
| Marco: Mario said that you will be happy. In the following example, the secondary clause indicates contemporaneousness. And it uses the indicative imperfect. |
| Consuelo: Mario diceva... |
| Marco: Or |
| Consuelo: ha detto... |
| Marco: Or |
| Consuelo: disse che tu eri felice. |
| Marco: Mario said that you were happy. In the last example, the secondary clause indicates anteriority and it uses the indicative pluperfect. |
| Consuelo: Mario diceva... |
| Marco: Or |
| Consuelo: ha detto... |
| Marco: Or |
| Consuelo: disse che tu eri stato felice. |
| Marco: Mario said that you had been happy. |
Outro |
| Marco: That just about does it for today. Before we go, we want to tell you about a way to drastically improve your pronunciation. |
| Consuelo: The voice recording tool |
| Marco: Yes the voice recording tool in the premium learning center. |
| Consuelo: Record your voice with a click of a button. |
| Marco: And then play it back just as easily. |
| Consuelo: So you record your voice and listen to it. |
| Marco: Compare it to the native speakers |
| Consuelo: And adjust your pronunciation. |
| Marco: This will help you improve your pronunciation fast. A presto. |
| Consuelo: Ciao. |
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