Learn about the hypothetical period, if-clause
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Cinzia: Buongiorno a tutti. |
| Marco: Marco here. Lower intermediate series, season 1, lesson 13. Get Dressed Up for Your Night Out in Italy! |
| Cinzia: Hello everyone. I’m Cinzia and welcome to italianpod101. |
| Marco: With us, you will learn to speak Italian with fun and effective lessons. |
| Cinzia: We also provide you with cultural insights |
| Marco: And tips you won’t find in a textbook. |
| Cinzia: The focus of this lesson is the hypothetical period, if clause. |
| Marco: This conversation takes place in a square in Milano. |
| Cinzia: The conversation is between Giulia and Manuel. |
| Marco: The speakers are friends. Therefore they will be speaking informal Italian. If you don’t already have one… |
| Cinzia: Stop by italianpod101.com |
| Marco: And sign up for your free lifetime account. |
| Cinzia: You can sign up in less than 30 seconds. |
| Marco: Let’s listen to today’s conversation. I will be Manuel while Cinzia will be Giulia. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Manuel: Se partiamo verso le sette arriviamo in tempo. |
| Giulia: Hai prenotato per le otto? |
| Manuel: Sì. Se avessi prenotato alle sette non avremmo avuto tempo di prepararci. |
| Giulia: Hai ragione. Inoltre, dato che andiamo ai Girasoli, mi vestirò bene. |
| Manuel: Sarai molto affascinante! |
| Marco: Let’s hear it slowly now. |
| Manuel: Se partiamo verso le sette arriviamo in tempo. |
| Giulia: Hai prenotato per le otto? |
| Manuel: Sì. Se avessi prenotato alle sette non avremmo avuto tempo di prepararci. |
| Giulia: Hai ragione. Inoltre, dato che andiamo ai Girasoli, mi vestirò bene. |
| Manuel: Sarai molto affascinante! |
| Marco: And now, with the translation. |
| Manuel: Se partiamo verso le sette arriviamo in tempo. |
| Manuel: If we leave at around seven, we will get there in time. |
| Giulia: Hai prenotato per le otto? |
| Giulia: Did you book at eight? |
| Manuel: Sì. Se avessi prenotato alle sette non avremmo avuto tempo di prepararci. |
| Manuel: Yes. If I had booked at seven, we wouldn't have had time to get ready. |
| Giulia: Hai ragione. Inoltre, dato che andiamo ai Girasoli, mi vestirò bene. |
| Giulia: You're right. Besides, as we are going to Girasoli, I will dress up. |
| Manuel: Sarai molto affascinante! |
| Manuel: You will be very fascinating! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Marco: So dear Cinzia, do Italian girls like to vestirsi bene? |
| Cinzia: You mean dress up? |
| Marco: Si. |
| Cinzia: Certo. Certainly. After all, Italian fashion is renowned all over the world. |
| Marco: In what occasions would an Italian girl dress up? |
| Cinzia: Oh well certainly on important occasions but, let me think, for sure in weekends, disco... |
| Marco: Yes. Okay what about… |
| Cinzia: Parties... |
| Marco: Important occasions, family reunions? |
| Cinzia: Yes. Ceremonies... |
| Marco: Okay so for example |
| Cinzia: Weddings, family dinners... |
| Marco: So social occasions. Uh… |
| Cinzia: Yeah of course. |
| Marco: And what about school occasions? |
| Cinzia: School occasions? |
| Marco: I mean didn’t you go and eat the pizza di classe? |
| Cinzia: I used to do that a long ago. |
| Marco: So what is pizza di classe or pizzata di classe? same meaning. |
| Cinzia: Pizzata di classe, oh it’s when you go for a pizza with your old friends of school. |
| Marco: Or also your current friends of high school if you are studying in high school that is. |
| Cinzia: Of yes of course. |
| Marco: And sometimes you bring along your favorite teachers, the ones that are easier to talk to. |
| Cinzia: Yes like the philosophy teacher. |
| Marco: Yeah we also had the philosophy teacher with us. I don’t know why… |
| Cinzia: Yeah…. |
| Marco: They must be the easiest ones to talk to. |
| Cinzia: Yes they are more friendly and… |
| Marco: Yeah. True. |
| Cinzia: Yeah. |
| Marco: We also went with the Maths teacher though. She was very young, just 5 years older than us. |
| Cinzia: Yeah Philosophy and math teachers are always the best I think. Shall we move on now? |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Marco: Yes. Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Cinzia: Verso. |
| Marco: Around, toward. |
| Cinzia: Verso. Verso. Prenotare. |
| Marco: To book, reserve. |
| Cinzia: Prenotare. Prenotare. Prepararsi. |
| Marco: To get ready. |
| Cinzia: Prepararsi. Prepararsi. Inoltre. |
| Marco: Besides. |
| Cinzia: Inoltre. Inoltre. Dato che. |
| Marco: As, since. |
| Cinzia: Dato che. Dato che. Vestirsi bene. |
| Marco: To dress up. |
| Cinzia: Vestirsi bene. Vestirsi bene. Affascinante. |
| Marco: Fascinating. |
| Cinzia: Affascinante. Affascinante. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Marco: Let’s have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases for this lesson. |
| Cinzia: The first word we look at is verso. |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is |
| Cinzia: Maria arriverà verso le 14. |
| Marco: Maria will come at around 2 PM. |
| Cinzia: The next word we will take a look at is prenotare. |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is |
| Cinzia: Ho prenotato due biglietti. |
| Marco: I booked two tickets. |
| Cinzia: The next word we will take a look at is prepararsi. |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is |
| Cinzia: Mi sto preparando per la partita. |
| Marco: I am getting ready for the match. |
| Cinzia: The next word we will take a look at is inoltre. |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is |
| Cinzia: Luisa non è sposata. Inoltre, è troppo giovane per sposarsi. |
| Marco: Luisa is not married. Besides, she is too young to get married. |
| Cinzia: Next we have an expression, dato che. |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is |
| Cinzia: Dato che hai cenato, possiamo andare a fare una passeggiata. |
| Marco: Since you had dinner, we can go for a walk. |
| Cinzia: The next expression we will take a look at is vestirsi bene. |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is |
| Cinzia: Elisa ama vestirsi bene. |
| Marco: Elisa loves dressing up. |
| Cinzia: I do love dressing up. |
| Marco: Well all women like dressing up I guess. |
| Cinzia: Yes but I do more than the other ones. |
| Marco: And next |
| Cinzia: We have a word which is affascinante. |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is |
| Cinzia: Luca è un ragazzo piuttosto affascinante. |
| Marco: Luca is a quite fascinating guy. So we can use the affascinante for both female and male. |
| Cinzia: Yes it’s one of those adjectives you can use for feminine or masculine nouns. |
| Marco: Perfect Cinzia. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Cinzia: And now let’s take a look at today’s grammar. As it is English equivalent, the Italian hypothetical period is subdivided into three main subcategories. In addition to these, we also have an additional hypothetical period called Type 0. |
| Marco: If clause sentences of any type are divided into two parts. |
| Cinzia: First, subordinate clause, protasis, |
| Marco: It expresses the condition on which the action of the main clause depends. |
| Cinzia: Second, main clause, apodosis, |
| Marco: It expresses the consequence, the result that will occur if the condition of the subordinate clause is fulfilled. For example |
| Cinzia: Se non faccio le pulizie oggi, non avrò tempo fino a sabato. |
| Marco: If I don’t do the cleaning today, I won’t have time until Saturday. |
| Cinzia: What a tragedy! |
| Marco: It is a tragedy. |
| Cinzia: Yes, because you are forced to do cleaning |
| Marco: On Saturday. |
| Cinzia: Yeah. |
| Marco: When you should be going out. |
| Cinzia: Yeah but you can |
| Marco: Skip altogether. |
| Cinzia: Yeah I mean you could skip it all over the week. So what, you can clean next week, no? |
| Marco: Yeah it’s true. Well there is always a next week, isn’t there? |
| Cinzia: Yeah of course. There is always time to clean. |
| Marco: On we go. |
| Cinzia: Where were we? |
| Marco: Oh yes. The type 0 hypothetical period expresses a connection between two factual truths, merely connecting a cause to its effect. Therefore the conjunction Se, if can always be substituted by Quando, when. For example |
| Cinzia: Se il ferro raggiunge 1538 gradi Celsius, fonde. |
| Marco: If iron reaches 1538 degrees Celsius, it melts. |
| Cinzia: Quando il ferro raggiunge 1538 gradi Celsius, fonde. |
| Marco: When iron reaches 1538 degrees Celsius, it melts. |
| Cinzia: Type 0 hypothetical period requires the presente indicativo, simple present, tense in both the subordinate and main clause. |
| Marco: The periodo ipotetico della realtà expresses the connection between a condition that may or may not become true and its factual result. Contrary to the type 0 period, the subordinate phrase conveys a real condition that must be satisfied in a contextual frame. Therefore, this type of if clause never conveys general statements or theories. For example |
| Cinzia: Se Carlo non ci chiama, non possiamo partire. |
| Marco: If Carlo doesn’t call us, we cannot leave. The periodo ipotetico della possibilità’s meaning is close to that of periodo ipotetico della realtà, except that the condition is deemed to be less likely to happen. |
| Cinzia: The tense agreement requires the congiuntivo imperfetto, imperfect subjunctive, in the subordinate clause and the condizionale presente, present conditional, in the main clause. For example: se Francesco fosse qui, ti direbbe di aspettare. |
| Marco: If Francesco were here, he would tell you to wait. The action expressed by condizionale presente the main clause refers to the future. Contrary to the previous if clauses, the periodo ipotetico dell’irrealtà concerns past events. This means that the subordinate clause expresses an unfulfilled past condition. Therefore the action in the main clause did not take place. |
| Cinzia: Se Napoleone avesse vinto la campagna di Russia, avrebbe conquistato tutta l’Europa. |
| Marco: If Napoleon had won the Russian campaign, he would have conquered the whole of Europe. |
Outro |
| Marco: That just about does it for today. Some of our listeners already know about the most powerful tool on italianpod101.com |
| Cinzia: Line by line audio. |
| Marco: The perfect tool for rapidly improving listening comprehension. |
| Cinzia: By listening to lines of the conversation again and again. |
| Marco: Listen until every word and syllable becomes clear. Basically we break down the dialogue into comprehensible bite size sentences. |
| Cinzia: You can try the line by line audio in the premium learning center at the italianpod101.com |
| Marco: Ciao a tutti. |
| Cinzia: Ciao ciao. |
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