Hello everyone, welcome back to ItalianPod101.com. |
My name is Desy. |
Mi chiamo Desy. |
And in this video, we're going to talk about ifs. |
se |
periodo ipotetico |
se |
se |
As in English, in Italian as well, this pattern is made by two parts, a sentence and a consequence, right? |
Easily said, |
If you go to the supermarket, could you buy me some milk? |
Se vai al supermercato, puoi comprarmi del latte? |
Se vai, if you go, al supermercato, to the supermarket, puoi comprarmi del latte? |
Could you buy me some milk? |
So till here, everything may seem simple, |
but the problem is that we have three types of periodo ipotetico, so hypothetical phrases. |
Some may also say for it because then you can mix them, |
but let's say three for now and let's check them together. |
il periodo ipotetico zero |
So the hypothetical phrase zero is the most simple one, and in this case, you can think of if, |
of se, as in when. |
So when this happens, then that happens as well. |
For example, |
Se mangi troppo, ingrassi. |
If you eat too much, se mangi troppo, present tense, ingrassi. |
You will get fat, you get fat, present and present tense. |
Easy. |
Se non studi tutti i giorni, |
If you don't study every day, |
Se non studi tutti i giorni, |
È difficile imparare una lingua. |
It's hard to learn a language. |
È difficile imparare una lingua. |
And this is not even included in the three types, right? |
Because this is type zero, it's just present tense for both parts and it's linear. |
If this happens, then this also happens, right? |
And we're not even talking about possibilities there, it's just reality. |
A equals B. |
While when we talk about periodo ipotetico uno, |
we're talking about a possibility that may come true if something else happens. |
It's not that it happens 100%, but it's most likely to happen. |
For example, |
Se piove, non uscirò. |
If it rains, I won't go out. |
Se piove, non uscirò. |
If it rains, I won't go out. |
It's my choice, but I'm saying that if this happens, then I won't do that. |
I could do that, okay, because it's not impossible for me to do that. |
I decide not to do that. |
Se piove, non uscirò. |
Same goes for |
Se non parti immediatamente. |
If you don't leave immediately, |
Se non parti immediatamente, perderai il treno. |
You will miss the train. |
Perderai il treno. |
It's not 100% sure, but it's most likely to happen, right? |
And it's a real possibility. |
Se non parti subito. |
Se non parti immediatamente. |
If you don't leave immediately, you will miss the train. |
Perderai il treno. |
Present and future. |
You could also use only future as well. |
Se otterrò quel lavoro. |
If I'll obtain, if I'll get that job, |
Festeggeremo insieme al ristorante. |
We'll celebrate together at the restaurant. |
Se otterrò quel lavoro, festeggeremo insieme al ristorante. |
Future and future. |
Il periodo ipotetico 2 talks about something that is not impossible in your life in general, |
but it's not possible at the moment. |
It's something that based on facts, it's not a reality. |
It could be, it's a possibility. |
Se parlassi italiano, lavorerei in Italia. |
If I spoke Italian, I would work in Italy. |
Se parlassi is the nightmare tense of Italian, okay? |
It's what everyone finds the most difficult. |
Subjunctive, subjunctive. |
Il congiuntivo. |
Se parlassi italiano, lavorerei in Italia. |
If I spoke Italian, I would work in Italy. |
Lavorerei is just conditional. |
So here the problem is that you have to study il congiuntivo and then use it. |
There is no other way around it. |
You have to study il congiuntivo, subjunctive, okay? |
In case you've never heard of it, I'll just tell you the most used ones. |
So essere and avere. |
Essere, to be. |
Actually, il congiuntivo starts with che, and that's how you recognize it. |
But in this case, we're using if, so se. |
Se io fossi. |
If I were. |
Se io fossi sportivo, giocherei a basket. |
If I were sporty, if I were a sport type of person, giocherei a basket. |
I would play basketball. |
Se io fossi. |
Se tu fossi. |
Se lui fosse. |
Se noi fossimo. |
Se voi foste. |
Se loro fossero, okay? |
Same goes for avere, to have. |
Se io avessi tanti soldi. |
If I had a lot of money, girerei il mondo. |
I'd go around the world. |
Girerei il mondo. |
Se io avessi tanti soldi. |
If I had a lot of money. |
Se tu avessi. |
Se lui avesse. |
Se noi avessimo. |
Se voi aveste. |
Se loro avessero. |
This is il congiuntivo. |
So il periodo ipotetico numero 2 tells us that if this thing happened, then this would also happen. |
Se io avessi, farei. |
If I had, I'd do. |
The last one, il periodo ipotetico numero 3, tells us the same thing as type number 2, but in the past. |
So it's something that can't be changed anymore and it goes the same. |
So with subjunctive, congiuntivo and conditional, condizionale, but in past tense. |
If this thing had happened, then this would also have happened or would be happening right now. |
Se avessi studiato di più, avrei passato l'esame. |
Se avessi studiato, the past. |
Avessi, congiuntivo of avere, studiato, past. |
Se avessi studiato di più. |
If I had studied more. |
Se avessi studiato di più, avrei passato l'esame. |
I would have passed the exam. |
Avrei passato l'esame. |
Se fossi stato sportivo. |
Using the same example as before, before it was so type number 2 was se fossi sportivo, giocherei a basket. |
If I were a sport kind of person, I would play basketball. |
It's not completely impossible, but it's not possible based on the facts that I have right now. |
Type number 3 tells us that it's impossible. |
For example, maybe I'm saying this when I'm super old and I cannot play any sports anymore. |
I could say, se fossi stato sportivo, in the past. |
If I had been a sport kind of person, a sport type person, avrei giocato a basket. |
So not giocherei, conditional present, but avrei giocato in the past. |
Avrei giocato a basket. |
Se avessi avuto tanti soldi, if I had had a lot of money, not if I just had money, |
se avessi soldi, but se avessi avuto tanti soldi, avrei girato il mondo. |
I would have traveled the world. |
Or you could also say, se avessi avuto tanti soldi, if I had had a lot of money. |
Now, adesso, starei girando il mondo. |
Right now, I would have been traveling around the world. |
Girando instead of girato. |
Avrei girato, starei girando. |
Since I told you what's the congiuntivo for essere and avere, I also want to tell you the past form. |
So se fossi becomes se fossi stato or avuto. |
Se fossi stato, se avessi avuto. |
Se loro avessero avuto un bambino, if they had had a kid, |
se loro avessero avuto un bambino, avrebbero capito, |
they would have understood, avrebbero capito cosa dicevano i genitori. |
What the parents said. |
Se loro avessero avuto un bambino, avrebbero capito. |
Type number three, while type number two would be, try to think about it with me. |
Se avessero un bambino, and that's it, because it's not in the past, it could still happen. |
Se avessero un bambino, capirebbero cosa dicono i genitori. |
They would understand what the parents say. |
And that's it for rules. |
I know it's really hard and believe me or not, a lot of Italians don't even know how to use that, |
especially nowadays, a lot of people make a lot of mistakes. |
In particular, the most common one, which is the one that I want you to pay attention to, |
is that they use the past simple. |
Se avevo, instead of se avessi or se facesti, se facevo. |
Okay, because it's easier, of course, but it's also very, very wrong. |
So my tip would be, of course, study il congiuntivo, study its objective. |
But if you don't remember it, or if you are not really sure, if you're confused, just keep it simple, okay? |
Use type zero or type one, and just know that il congiuntivo exists, |
so that when you hear that, you know what people are talking about. |
So you know that if they say avessero, and you may not know how to use this tense, |
you know that they're talking about something that didn't happen, and it's only an if phrase, okay? |
That's my tip, just get used to listen to congiuntivo and understand when people are not talking about something real. |
Se avete domande, scrivete nei commenti. |
If you have questions, write in the comments. |
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Thank you for watching, and I'll see you soon. |
Ciao, ciao. |
Bye, bye. |
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