Dialogue

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Vocabulary (Review)

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Lesson Notes

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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
None (manual write in):
Jason: Ciao! Jason here.
Cristina: Cristina here! Intermediate. This is ItalianPod101.com's Intermediate Series, Lesson 14 – A Weekend Getaway in Italy.
Jason: In this lesson you'll learn about the tense agreement between a main and a subordinate clause in the indicative mood. Such as…
Cristina: Mia sorella mi aveva detto che saremmo andate alle Cinque Terre.
Jason: "My sister had told me that we would have gone to the Cinque Terre."
This conversation takes place in front of a travel agency.
Cristina: Sofia, Simone and Wendy parlano insieme.
Jason: The conversation is between Sofia, Simone and Wendy. The speakers are co-workers, so they'll be speaking informal language.
Cristina: Ascoltiamo
Jason: Let's listen to the conversation.
DIALOGUE
Simone: Che afa oggi!
Sofia: Le previsioni meteo dicono che sarà caldo e le temperature saranno in rialzo nel weekend.
Simone: Io soffro tanto il caldo. Che ne dite di trascorrere sabato e domenica in un posto più fresco?
Wendy: Per me va bene. L’altra sera tu Simone avevi lanciato l’idea che saremmo andati sul lago di Como.
Simone: Sì, ho degli amici che ci potrebbero ospitare per una o due notti.
Wendy: Meglio di così! Tra l’altro io non sono mai stata da quelle parti. E tu Sofia sei libera?
Sofia: Credo proprio di sì. Mia sorella mi aveva detto che saremmo andate alle Cinque Terre, ma non mi ha più fatto sapere niente.
Simone: Prova a fare un colpo di telefono a tua sorella e, se lei è impegnata questo fine settimana, unisciti a noi.
Sofia: La chiamo tra poco e poi ci risentiamo in serata per organizzare la gita di domani.
English Host: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly.
Simone: Che afa oggi!
Sofia: Le previsioni meteo dicono che sarà caldo e le temperature saranno in rialzo nel weekend.
Simone: Io soffro tanto il caldo. Che ne dite di trascorrere sabato e domenica in un posto più fresco?
Wendy: Per me va bene. L’altra sera tu Simone avevi lanciato l’idea che saremmo andati sul lago di Como.
Simone: Sì, ho degli amici che ci potrebbero ospitare per una o due notti.
Wendy: Meglio di così! Tra l’altro io non sono mai stata da quelle parti. E tu Sofia sei libera?
Sofia: Credo proprio di sì. Mia sorella mi aveva detto che saremmo andate alle Cinque Terre, ma non mi ha più fatto sapere niente.
Simone: Prova a fare un colpo di telefono a tua sorella e, se lei è impegnata questo fine settimana, unisciti a noi.
Sofia: La chiamo tra poco e poi ci risentiamo in serata per organizzare la gita di domani.
English Host: Now let’s hear it with the English translation.
Simone: Che afa oggi!
Jason: It's muggy today!
Sofia: Le previsioni meteo dicono che sarà caldo e le temperature saranno in rialzo nel weekend.
Jason: The weather forecast says it will be hot and the temperatures will rise over the weekend.
Simone: Io soffro tanto il caldo. Che ne dite di trascorrere sabato e domenica in un posto più fresco?
Jason: I can't stand the heat. What do you think if we spend Saturday and Sunday in a cooler place?
Wendy: Per me va bene. L’altra sera tu Simone avevi lanciato l’idea che saremmo andati sul lago di Como.
Jason: That's fine with me. The other night you had suggested going to Lake Como.
Simone: Sì, ho degli amici che ci potrebbero ospitare per una o due notti.
Jason: Yes, I have some friends who could put us up for one or two nights.
Wendy: Meglio di così! Tra l’altro io non sono mai stata da quelle parti. E tu Sofia sei libera?
Jason: Nothing better! Besides I've never been around there. And you, Sofia, are you free?
Sofia: Credo proprio di sì. Mia sorella mi aveva detto che saremmo andate alle Cinque Terre, ma non mi ha più fatto sapere niente.
Jason: Yes, I think so. My sister had told me that we would go to the Cinque Terre, but she hasn't gotten back to me since.
Simone: Prova a fare un colpo di telefono a tua sorella e, se lei è impegnata questo fine settimana, unisciti a noi.
Jason: Maybe give your sister a call, and if she is busy this weekend, join us.
Sofia: La chiamo tra poco e poi ci risentiamo in serata per organizzare la gita di domani.
Jason: I'll call her in a bit, and then I'll call you back later tonight to organize the trip for tomorrow.
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
Cristina: Our characters are visiting the beautiful Cinque Terre in Liguria, near La Spezia.
Jason: Cinque Terre literally mean “The five Lands”.
Cristina: Esatto. Five villages are part of The Cinque Terre - Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore.
Jason: And if I’m right the villages and the coastline are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Cristina: Yes, and they belong to the Parco nazionale delle Cinque Terre, a national park.
Jason: What’s a good starting point when visiting this area?
Cristina: I’d advise you to start your visit to Cinque Terre at a little pink church called Santuario della Madonna di Montenero. Here visitors can size up the region's entire 11-mile coastline from 1,100 feet above sea level.
Jason: Wow. Sounds amazing.
Cristina: If you like hiking there are some famous trails you can do.
Jason: I know the Sentiero Blu or "Blue Path," but I heard it is quite challenging.
Cristina. Eh sì. But there is also the Lovers’ Path or Via dell’Amore. It’s a flat coastal path.
Jason: I imagine the stroll must be quite romantic.
Cristina: Of course. You need to go there with someone special! Also, I would suggest you try some of the local cuisine and the locally produced wine.
Jason: What kind of wine?
Cristina: There are two types of wine - one is a Cinque Terre white wine, a dry, blend of three different grapes, and the other is called sciacchetrà, a very sweet dessert wine. Both are a must.
Jason: I hope I can take a trip there soon!
VOCAB LIST
Jason: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson.
The first word we shall see is:
Cristina: afa [natural native speed]
Jason: muggy weather
Cristina: afa [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Cristina: afa [natural native speed]
: Next:
Cristina: fare un colpo di telefono [natural native speed]
Jason: to give a call
Cristina: fare un colpo di telefono [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Cristina: fare un colpo di telefono [natural native speed]
: Next:
Cristina: far sapere [natural native speed]
Jason: to go back
Cristina: far sapere [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Cristina: far sapere [natural native speed]
: Next:
Cristina: meglio di così [natural native speed]
Jason: nothing better
Cristina: meglio di così [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Cristina: meglio di così [natural native speed]
: Next:
Cristina: ospitare [natural native speed]
Jason: to put somebody up
Cristina: ospitare [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Cristina: ospitare [natural native speed]
: Next:
Cristina: lanciare l'idea [natural native speed]
Jason: to suggest/to throw out the idea of
Cristina: lanciare l'idea [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Cristina: lanciare l'idea [natural native speed]
: Next:
Cristina: soffrire [natural native speed]
Jason: not be able to stand
Cristina: soffrire [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Cristina: soffrire [natural native speed]
: Next:
Cristina: in rialzo [natural native speed]
Jason: to rise (verb)
Cristina: in rialzo [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Cristina: in rialzo [natural native speed]
: Next:
Cristina: previsioni meteo [natural native speed]
Jason: weather forecast
Cristina: previsioni meteo [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Cristina: previsioni meteo [natural native speed]
: Next:
Cristina: risentirsi [natural native speed]
Jason: to call back
Cristina: risentirsi [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Cristina: risentirsi [natural native speed]
VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE
Jason: Let's have a closer look at the usuage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson.
Jason: Let's take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first one we'll look at is...
Cristina: OSPITARE
Jason: TO PUT SOMEBODY UP.
Cristina: Here's a sample sentence. Ci possono ospitare i nostri amici per un paio di notti.
Jason: "Our friends can put us up for one or two nights."
Cristina: This verb can be translated also as ‘to host’.
Jason: For example?
Cristina: I musei vaticani ospitano una mostra di Leonardo da Vinci fino al 20 gennaio.
Jason: The Vatican museums host an exhibition of Leonardo da Vinci until January 20.
Cristina: There are two nouns derived from the verb ospitare - ospite.
Jason: "guest"
Cristina: and ospitalità.
Jason: "hospitality."
Cristina: Esatto. And the adjective ospitale.
Jason: "Hospitable."
Cristina: I brasiliani sono un popolo molto ospitale.
Jason: "The Brazilians are very hospitable people."
Jason: The next one is...
Cristina: FARE UN COLPO DI TELEFONO
Jason: TO GIVE A CALL.
Cristina: Sara, hai fatto un colpo di telefono a Giovanna?
Jason: "Sara did you give a call to Giovanna?"
Cristina: This expression can be used to say telefonare.
Jason: "to telephone"
Cristina: or fare una telefonata.
Jason: "to make a phone call."
Cristina: In colloquial Italian it can also be shortened as fare un colpo, "to give a call"
Jason: For example?
Cristina: Fai un colpo alla zia per ricordarle della festa di stasera.
Jason: "Give auntie a call to remind her of tonight’s party."

Lesson focus
Cristina: In this lesson, we’ll focus on the tense agreement between a main and a subordinate clause.
Jason: What is ‘the tense agreement’ exactly?
Cristina: The rules that establish the usage of tenses and moods between the main and the subordinate clause. It’s important to follow these rules to express the concepts of anteriority, contemporaneity and future in Italian.
Jason: How do I choose the tense of the subordinate clause?
Cristina: It’s important to look at the tense and mood of the main clause to decide the time relation between the two.
Jason: So in simple words I need to ask myself questions like, which of the two actions (verbs) come first? Are these two actions happening at the same time?
Cristina: That’s correct. In this lesson, we’ll focus on the tense agreement of the indicative mood or modo indicativo.
Jason: Let’s first consider what the tense agreement is when the verb of the main clause is in the present tense.
Cristina: The passato prossimo is used in the subordinate clause to express an action that happened before the one of the main clause.
Jason: For example?
Cristina: So che Sara è andata a Roma.
Jason: "I know that Sara went to Rome."
Cristina: The action of going to Rome happens before the action of knowing.
Jason: What if I want to describe two actions that happen at the same time?
Cristina: The verb is in the present tense both in the main and the subordinate clause.
Jason: Can you give me a sample sentence?
Cristina: So che Sara va a Roma.
Jason: "I know that Sara goes to Rome."
Cristina: To express that that happens after the one of the main clause, the tense in the subordinate clause is declined in the future tense.
Jason: Such as…
Cristina: So che Sara andrà a Roma.
Jason: "I know that Sara will go to Rome."
Cristina: Now we’ll focus on how the tense agreement works when the verb of the main clause is in the past tense.
Jason: In any of the Italian past tenses?
Cristina: Yes the verb can be in the passato prossimo, imperfetto or trapassato prossimo.
Jason: So when the verb of the main clause is in the past tense…
Cristina: The trapassato prossimo is used in the subordinate clause to express an action that happened before the one of the main clause.
Jason: For example?
Cristina: Sapevo che Sara era tornata da Siena
Jason: "I knew that Sara had come back from Siena."
Cristina: The action of coming back from Siena happens before the action of knowing.
Jason: If I want to describe two actions that happen at the same time?
Cristina: The verb is in the imperfetto in the subordinate clause.
Jason: Can you give me a sample sentence?
Cristina: Sapevo che Sara tornava da Siena
Jason: "I knew that Sara was coming back from Siena."
Cristina: To express that the action of ‘coming back’ happens after the one of the main clause, the tense in the subordinate clause is declined in the condizionale passato or past conditional.
Jason: Such as…
Cristina: Sapevo che Sara sarebbe tornata da Siena.
Jason: "I knew that Sara would have come back from Siena."
Cristina: In the conversation between Sofia, Simone and Wendy, there are a few examples of the tense agreement specifically with a main clause in the past tense and the subordinate clause in the past conditional.
Jason: A sample sentence please,
Cristina: Mia sorella mi aveva detto che saremmo andate alle Cinque Terre.
Jason: "My sister had told me that we would have gone to the Cinque Terre."

Outro
Jason: OK. That's all for this lesson. In the lesson notes, you can find more examples on this grammar point. So be sure to read them.
Cristina: A presto!
Jason: Bye-bye!

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