| Hello everyone, welcome back to italianpod101.com. |
| My name is Desy. |
| Mi chiamo Desy. |
| And in this video, we're going to talk about demonstratives. |
| dimostrativi |
| Actually both adjectives and pronouns. |
| So aggettivi e pronomi, adjectives, aggettivi e pronomi, pronouns, demonstratives, dimostrativi. |
| As in English, they're used to indicate, to show something depending on where the object is compared to the speaker, right? |
| So for example, this, that. |
| In Italian, you indicate something that is close to you with questo. |
| Remember that as other adjectives as well, in Italian, questo changes depending on the name that follows. |
| So questo is just male and singular. |
| For example, |
| Questo libro è molto interessante. |
| Very interesting. |
| Questo libro. |
| Libro is male and singular and that's why questo stays like that. |
| Questo libro. |
| You see, it ends with the same vowel. |
| If, for example, I'm talking about a skirt, which in Italian is female and singular. |
| Gonna. |
| Ho comprato questa gonna con i saldi. |
| Ho comprato, I bought, questa gonna, this skirt, questa gonna, con i saldi, on sale. |
| Puoi aiutarmi con questi esercizi? |
| Sono troppo difficili. |
| Puoi aiutarmi con questi esercizi? |
| Sono troppo difficili. |
| Puoi aiutarmi, can you help me, con questi esercizi? |
| With these exercises, plural, in Italian, plural and male. |
| Questi, questi esercizi sono troppo difficili. |
| They are too difficult. |
| Sono troppo difficili. |
| Mi piacciono molto queste scarpe. |
| Queste scarpe. |
| Plural and female, queste. |
| I really like these shoes. |
| Queste scarpe. |
| So I'm talking about something that I have either really close to me, like to my person, |
| or something really close in time. |
| So for example, I can say, questa settimana, this week, settimana is female and singular. |
| Questa settimana sono molto impegnata. |
| I'm really busy. |
| Sono molto impegnata. |
| Questa settimana, so the one that is going on, the closest to me. |
| It doesn't have to be something short, right? |
| It can be something long as well. |
| For example, quest'anno, this year, quest'anno voglio andare al mare. |
| I want to go to the sea. |
| Quest'anno voglio andare al mare. |
| So questo, to indicate something that is the closest to you, either in the space or in time. |
| Questo, questa, questi, or queste. |
| While if we are talking about something that is far from you, that it's not near you, |
| then we use that, which in Italian translates into |
| quello, quello, quello, quello zaino è mio. |
| That bag, that backpack is mine. |
| Quello zaino. |
| In this case, as the article, it depends on the word that follows. |
| So quello or quel, quel, like with the determinative article, il or lo. |
| Let's revise briefly. |
| You use il basically with any consonant, while lo with z or s plus any other consonant, |
| like lo scoglio, the cliff. |
| So that would be quello scoglio, while il cane, quel cane, okay? |
| While you don't have to worry when there is a vowel at the beginning of the word, |
| because in that case it's just l' and with quel the same. |
| Quell'albero, that tree. |
| Quell'albero, quell'albero. |
| Of course, it also applies to the plural form. |
| Quegli occhiali sono da sole. |
| Quegli occhiali, those glasses are sunglasses. |
| Quegli occhiali sono da sole. |
| Quegli occhiali, because you would say gli occhiali if it was just an article, while |
| quei gatti, because you would say i gatti if it was just the article, not gli gatti, okay? |
| Quei gatti sono di mio zio. |
| Those cats are my uncles. |
| Quei gatti. |
| Not so much to think about when we're talking about the female noun, because there is only |
| quella and quelle. |
| Quella ragazza, that girl. |
| Non conosco quella ragazza. |
| I don't know that girl. |
| Non conosco, I don't know, quella ragazza, that girl. |
| Ma sembra simpatica, but she looks funny, but she looks nice. |
| Ma sembra simpatica. |
| Guarda quelle case laggiù. |
| Look, those houses over there. |
| Sono molto belle. |
| Guarda quelle case laggiù. |
| Sono molto belle. |
| They are really beautiful. |
| Quelle case. |
| Here too, as before, you can also use the same demonstrative adjective for time. |
| For example, quell'anno. |
| That year, quell'anno, sono, you see the apostrophe here, quell'anno, sono andato |
| in vacanza a Londra. |
| That year I went to London on holiday. |
| Quell'anno sono andato in vacanza on holiday a Londra, to London. |
| Of course, as I said in the beginning, you can use these words, queste parole, these |
| words as pronouns as well. |
| So when they replace the name altogether. |
| For example, questa penna non scrive, this pen doesn't work, doesn't write, questa penna |
| non scrive, dammi quella, give me that, give me that, dammi quella. |
| Of course, I could say dammi quella penna if I wanted to, but I can just say dammi quella |
| and in that case, that word quella, the demonstrative article, becomes a pronoun because it replaces |
| the whole word penna, the whole object basically. |
| Quel vestito non mi stava bene, ecco perché ho preso questo. |
| Quel vestito non mi stava bene, ecco perché ho preso questo. |
| That dress didn't suit me. |
| Quel vestito, that dress, non mi stava bene, didn't suit me. |
| Ecco perché, that's why, ho preso questo. |
| I got this one, that's why I got this one. |
| Ecco perché ho preso questo. |
| As shown in the examples, please notice that in Italian you don't have to translate one |
| as in this one. |
| Questo, I got this one instead, ho preso questo. |
| You don't have to add anything after questo or quello, but if you really want to and sometimes |
| you can hear that as well, especially when we're talking, you can say questo qua, so |
| this one here, questo qua, while quello laggiù, quello over there or quello là, quello |
| there. |
| It's just a way to emphasize the fact that it's quello, that one, and not this one. |
| Questo qua, quello là. |
| Quale macchina ti piace? |
| Which car do you like? |
| Quale macchina ti piace? |
| Questa, this one, questa. |
| And that's enough. |
| Or you can say questa qua, this one over here, this one here. |
| Usually we say that when we're comparing things, so for example I would say questa qua |
| è molto bella. |
| This one here is really beautiful. |
| Mentre quella là, while that one there, non mi piace. |
| I don't like. |
| I don't like the one over there. |
| Questa qua and quella là. |
| In that case it's more common for us to use qua and là, but in general you don't have |
| to. |
| You just need one word. |
| We're lazy. |
| The last thing that I want to teach you is that sometimes in some grammar books you can |
| find the word codesto, codesto, and that's also a demonstrative adjective or pronoun |
| that was used really a long time ago, basically. |
| And okay, sometimes in written texts or official texts as a lawyer or something, you can still |
| find it, but we don't really use that anymore. |
| Still, I just thought it may be better for you to know in case it pops up somewhere and |
| it refers to an object that is closer to the listener than to the speaker, okay? |
| Since it doesn't really make sense to examine every time which one is closer, that's why |
| we don't use it anymore. |
| But I want you to know that it exists, okay? |
| So let me know what you thought about questa lezione, about this lesson, questa lezione. |
| Thank you for watching and remember, if you haven't done it yet, you can sign up for your |
| free lifetime account on ItalianPod101.com in order to learn Italian in the fastest, easiest |
| and most fun way possible. |
| I'll see you soon! |
| Bye bye! |
| Ciao ciao! |
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